See scathen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "scathe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "skaith"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "skaith"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "scayth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skaða"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse skaða",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skaþōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skaþōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scathe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "damage"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, scathe (“damage”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1180"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1180",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse skaða, from Proto-Germanic *skaþōną; by surface analysis, scathe (“damage”) + -en (infinitive suffix). First attested in c. 1180.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scatheth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaythe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþye",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scathyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sckathe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "scaith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scath",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "scathen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "scath"
},
"expansion": "scathen (third-person singular simple present scatheth, present participle scathende, scathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scathed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scath",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To assail or attack; to lauch an attack."
],
"id": "en-scathen-enm-verb-94Vq9nsE",
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"lauch",
"lauch"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To assail or attack; to lauch an attack."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To defeat or vanquish; to inflict a victory upon."
],
"id": "en-scathen-enm-verb-7a7VDo85",
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"defeat",
"defeat"
],
[
"vanquish",
"vanquish"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"victory",
"victory"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To defeat or vanquish; to inflict a victory upon."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskaːðən/"
}
],
"word": "scathen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:War"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "scathe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "skaith"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "scaith"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "skaith"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "scayth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "skaða"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse skaða",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skaþōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skaþōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scathe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "damage"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, scathe (“damage”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1180"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1180",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse skaða, from Proto-Germanic *skaþōną; by surface analysis, scathe (“damage”) + -en (infinitive suffix). First attested in c. 1180.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scatheth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scathen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scatheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scathynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scathed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaythe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþye",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"form": "scaþine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scathyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sckathe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "scaith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scath",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skaith",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "scathen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "scath"
},
"expansion": "scathen (third-person singular simple present scatheth, present participle scathende, scathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scathed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scath",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To assail or attack; to lauch an attack."
],
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"lauch",
"lauch"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To assail or attack; to lauch an attack."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To defeat or vanquish; to inflict a victory upon."
],
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"defeat",
"defeat"
],
[
"vanquish",
"vanquish"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"victory",
"victory"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To harm or damage; to cause harm to:",
"To defeat or vanquish; to inflict a victory upon."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskaːðən/"
}
],
"word": "scathen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scathen meaning in Middle English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.